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Читаю интервью с Воннегутом (давнишнее, разумеется, но я его ранее не читал). Конечно, речь заходит о "Бойне номер пять" и всём связанном:
We never expected to get it. There were very few air-raid shelters in town and no war industries, just cigarette factories, hospitals, clarinet factories.
Почему англичане решили бомбить госпитали и фабрики сигарет и кларнетов (странный набор, ну да ладно)? А вот почему:
Dresden was Germany's seventh-largest city and, according to the RAF at the time, the largest remaining not-bombed built-up area. Taylor writes that an official 1942 guide to the city described it as "one of the foremost industrial locations of the Reich" and in 1944 the German Army High Command's Weapons Office listed 127 medium-to-large factories and workshops that were supplying the army with materiel.
Nonetheless, according to some historians, the contribution of Dresden to the German war effort may not have been as significant as the planners thought.
The US Air Force Historical Division wrote a report in response to the international concern about the bombing - the report remained classified until December 1978. This said that there were 110 factories and 50,000 workers in the city supporting the German war effort at the time of the raid. According to the report, there were aircraft components factories; a poison gas factory (Chemische Fabrik Goye and Company); an anti-aircraft and field gun factory (Lehman); an optical goods factory (Zeiss Ikon AG); as well as factories producing electrical and X-ray apparatus (Koch & Sterzel AG); gears and differentials (Saxoniswerke); and electric gauges (Gebrüder Bassler). It also said there were barracks, hutted camps, and a munitions storage depot.
/.../
Colonel Harold E. Cook, a US POW held in the Friedrichstadt marshaling yard the night before the attacks, later said that "I saw with my own eyes that Dresden was an armed camp: thousands of German troops, tanks and artillery and miles of freight cars loaded with supplies supporting and transporting German logistics towards the east to meet the Russians".
Что же было дальше? Дальше было всё плохо, слово Воннегуту:
The Germans got funeral pyres going, burning the bodies to keep them from stinking and from spreading disease. One hundred thirty thousand corpses were hidden underground. It was a terribly elaborate Easter-egg hunt.
/.../
It was the fastest killing of large numbers of people—one hundred and thirty-five thousand people in a matter of hours.
Теперь слово опять Википедии:
According to official German report Tagesbefehl (Order of the Day) no. 47 ("TB47") issued on 22 March the number of dead recovered by that date was 20,204, including 6,865 who were cremated on the Altmarkt square, and they expected that the total number of deaths would be about 25,000. Another report on 3 April put the number of corpses recovered at 22,096. Three municipal and 17 rural cemeteries outside Dresden recorded up to 30 April 1945 a total of at least 21,895 buried bodies of the Dresden raids, including those cremated on the Altmarkt.
/.../
Тhe Dresden city council in 2005 authorized an independent Historian's Commission (Historikerkommission) to conduct a new, thorough investigation, collecting and evaluating available sources. The results were published 2010 and stated that a minimum of 22,700 and a maximum of 25,000 people were killed.
A откуда 135 тысяч?
Then a book by David Irving was published about Dresden, saying it was the largest massacre in European history.
Да, тот самый Дэвид Ирвинг:
Тhe Destruction of Dresden is a 1963 book by David Irving, in which he describes the February 1945 Allied bombing of Dresden in World War II. The book became an international best-seller during the 1960s debate about the morality of the World War II area bombing of the civilian population of Nazi Germany. The book is no longer considered to be an authoritative or reliable account of the Allied bombing and destruction of Dresden during February 1945.
/.../
According to Richard J. Evans, an expert witness for the defence at the 2000 libel trial of Deborah Lipstadt, Irving based his estimates of the dead at Dresden on the word of one individual, Hans Voigt, who provided no supporting documentation, used forged documents, and described one witness named Max Funfack as Dresden's Deputy Chief Medical Officer. Funfack had made it clear by letter to Irving on 19 January 1965 that he had not been either the Chief or Deputy Chief Medical Officer in Dresden, that he had no knowledge of any documentation about the number of people who were killed in the bombing, and during the war he had only heard rumours, which varied greatly, over the number of people who were killed in the raids.
Я, кстати, не виню Воннегута - он вообще один из моих любимых писателей. Просто это художественная литература, и искать там факты надо с крайней осторожностью.
We never expected to get it. There were very few air-raid shelters in town and no war industries, just cigarette factories, hospitals, clarinet factories.
Почему англичане решили бомбить госпитали и фабрики сигарет и кларнетов (странный набор, ну да ладно)? А вот почему:
Dresden was Germany's seventh-largest city and, according to the RAF at the time, the largest remaining not-bombed built-up area. Taylor writes that an official 1942 guide to the city described it as "one of the foremost industrial locations of the Reich" and in 1944 the German Army High Command's Weapons Office listed 127 medium-to-large factories and workshops that were supplying the army with materiel.
Nonetheless, according to some historians, the contribution of Dresden to the German war effort may not have been as significant as the planners thought.
The US Air Force Historical Division wrote a report in response to the international concern about the bombing - the report remained classified until December 1978. This said that there were 110 factories and 50,000 workers in the city supporting the German war effort at the time of the raid. According to the report, there were aircraft components factories; a poison gas factory (Chemische Fabrik Goye and Company); an anti-aircraft and field gun factory (Lehman); an optical goods factory (Zeiss Ikon AG); as well as factories producing electrical and X-ray apparatus (Koch & Sterzel AG); gears and differentials (Saxoniswerke); and electric gauges (Gebrüder Bassler). It also said there were barracks, hutted camps, and a munitions storage depot.
/.../
Colonel Harold E. Cook, a US POW held in the Friedrichstadt marshaling yard the night before the attacks, later said that "I saw with my own eyes that Dresden was an armed camp: thousands of German troops, tanks and artillery and miles of freight cars loaded with supplies supporting and transporting German logistics towards the east to meet the Russians".
Что же было дальше? Дальше было всё плохо, слово Воннегуту:
The Germans got funeral pyres going, burning the bodies to keep them from stinking and from spreading disease. One hundred thirty thousand corpses were hidden underground. It was a terribly elaborate Easter-egg hunt.
/.../
It was the fastest killing of large numbers of people—one hundred and thirty-five thousand people in a matter of hours.
Теперь слово опять Википедии:
According to official German report Tagesbefehl (Order of the Day) no. 47 ("TB47") issued on 22 March the number of dead recovered by that date was 20,204, including 6,865 who were cremated on the Altmarkt square, and they expected that the total number of deaths would be about 25,000. Another report on 3 April put the number of corpses recovered at 22,096. Three municipal and 17 rural cemeteries outside Dresden recorded up to 30 April 1945 a total of at least 21,895 buried bodies of the Dresden raids, including those cremated on the Altmarkt.
/.../
Тhe Dresden city council in 2005 authorized an independent Historian's Commission (Historikerkommission) to conduct a new, thorough investigation, collecting and evaluating available sources. The results were published 2010 and stated that a minimum of 22,700 and a maximum of 25,000 people were killed.
A откуда 135 тысяч?
Then a book by David Irving was published about Dresden, saying it was the largest massacre in European history.
Да, тот самый Дэвид Ирвинг:
Тhe Destruction of Dresden is a 1963 book by David Irving, in which he describes the February 1945 Allied bombing of Dresden in World War II. The book became an international best-seller during the 1960s debate about the morality of the World War II area bombing of the civilian population of Nazi Germany. The book is no longer considered to be an authoritative or reliable account of the Allied bombing and destruction of Dresden during February 1945.
/.../
According to Richard J. Evans, an expert witness for the defence at the 2000 libel trial of Deborah Lipstadt, Irving based his estimates of the dead at Dresden on the word of one individual, Hans Voigt, who provided no supporting documentation, used forged documents, and described one witness named Max Funfack as Dresden's Deputy Chief Medical Officer. Funfack had made it clear by letter to Irving on 19 January 1965 that he had not been either the Chief or Deputy Chief Medical Officer in Dresden, that he had no knowledge of any documentation about the number of people who were killed in the bombing, and during the war he had only heard rumours, which varied greatly, over the number of people who were killed in the raids.
Я, кстати, не виню Воннегута - он вообще один из моих любимых писателей. Просто это художественная литература, и искать там факты надо с крайней осторожностью.
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upd: Читать надо не только текст, но и комменты и ссылки из комментов.
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Воннегут никогда не был моим любимым писателем. Ненавижу левый пафос с пионерского детства.
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Но он сам конечно сильно левый, видимо где-то на уровне сколар_вита/Якова.
Из СССР то понятно всё казалось правым по сравнению с совком :-)