Почти все элементы первых трёх периодов таблицы Менделеева и значительная часть четвёртого участвуют в биохимии (ну, кроме благородных газов, наверное). Но вот обнаружить данные о биологической роли бериллия мне не удалось. Почему именно он? В четвёртом периоде лентяев четыре - Ti, Sc, Ga, Ge.
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А вот самый тяжелый элемент с биологической ролью, оказывается, не йод, а вольфрам!
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Что касается редкости, то это да, фактор - хотя см. выше.
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Может быть, поэтому?
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Another caviat is that Be is typically 4-coordinated rather than 6-coordinated as these larger Ca+++ and Mg++ ions and it is also more electronegative. It could be good for something, in principle. The problem could be in designing a highly specific ligand for something that is only 4-coordinated. It is the similar problem with Li+. It is difficult enough to make a Ca++ specific ligand -- even for Ca++. The most tightly binding proteins for Ca++ (such as calmodulins) bind it rather poorly (using a few strategically placed carboxyl groups), the binding constant for Fe+++ can be 30 orders of magnitude higher! Nothing binds Sr++ strongly enough. I know this well, as I have a grant from CDC for developing sensitive Sr++ receptors, as strontium-90 is one of the nastiest radionuclides. Too small is bad and too large is bad. The body is a control freak: it wants to regulate everything. So it choses ions among the abundant ones that are easiest to regulate. Selectivity and the strength of binding matter. Be++ is not something that would be your first choice.